全文获取类型
收费全文 | 32570篇 |
免费 | 3572篇 |
国内免费 | 1718篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1775篇 |
综合类 | 3419篇 |
化学工业 | 3921篇 |
金属工艺 | 1477篇 |
机械仪表 | 1812篇 |
建筑科学 | 5634篇 |
矿业工程 | 2209篇 |
能源动力 | 1638篇 |
轻工业 | 1802篇 |
水利工程 | 1257篇 |
石油天然气 | 2175篇 |
武器工业 | 304篇 |
无线电 | 2934篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2666篇 |
冶金工业 | 1885篇 |
原子能技术 | 560篇 |
自动化技术 | 2392篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 49篇 |
2023年 | 403篇 |
2022年 | 839篇 |
2021年 | 977篇 |
2020年 | 1073篇 |
2019年 | 959篇 |
2018年 | 861篇 |
2017年 | 1161篇 |
2016年 | 1303篇 |
2015年 | 1371篇 |
2014年 | 1952篇 |
2013年 | 2039篇 |
2012年 | 2577篇 |
2011年 | 2620篇 |
2010年 | 1971篇 |
2009年 | 1881篇 |
2008年 | 1835篇 |
2007年 | 2237篇 |
2006年 | 2015篇 |
2005年 | 1600篇 |
2004年 | 1324篇 |
2003年 | 1201篇 |
2002年 | 1020篇 |
2001年 | 849篇 |
2000年 | 676篇 |
1999年 | 578篇 |
1998年 | 424篇 |
1997年 | 379篇 |
1996年 | 341篇 |
1995年 | 291篇 |
1994年 | 261篇 |
1993年 | 163篇 |
1992年 | 157篇 |
1991年 | 99篇 |
1990年 | 77篇 |
1989年 | 85篇 |
1988年 | 47篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
91.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(2):1157-1171
Tracking control of oxygen excess ratio (OER) is crucial for dynamic performance and operating efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). OER tracking errors and overshoots under dynamic load limit the PEMFC output power performance, and also could lead oxygen starvation which seriously affect the life of PEMFC. To solve this problem, an adaptive sliding mode observer based near-optimal OER tracking control approach is proposed in this paper. According to real time load demand, a dynamic OER optimization strategy is designed to obtain an optimal OER. A nonlinear system model based near-optimal controller is designed to minimize the OER tracking error under variable operation condition of PEMFC. An adaptive sliding mode observer is utilized to estimate the uncertain parameters of the PEMFC air supply system and update parameters in near-optimal controller. The proposed control approach is implemented in OER tracking experiments based on air supply system of a 5 kW PEMFC test platform. The experiment results are analyzed and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control approach under load changes, external disturbances and parameter uncertainties of PEFMC system. 相似文献
92.
Tongling Xia Yue Qi Xilei Dai Jinyu Liu Can Xiao Ruoyu You Dayi Lai Junjie Liu Chun Chen 《Indoor air》2021,31(6):2020-2032
To evaluate the separate impacts on human health and establish effective control strategies, it is crucial to estimate the contribution of outdoor infiltration and indoor emission to indoor PM2.5 in buildings. This study used an algorithm to automatically estimate the long-term time-resolved indoor PM2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin in real apartments with natural ventilation. The inputs for the algorithm were only the time-resolved indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants’ window actions, which were easily obtained from the low-cost sensors. This study first applied the algorithm in an apartment in Tianjin, China. The indoor/outdoor contribution to the gross indoor exposure and time-resolved infiltration factor were automatically estimated using the algorithm. The influence of outdoor PM2.5 data source and algorithm parameters on the estimated results was analyzed. The algorithm was then applied in four other apartments located in Chongqing, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Urumqi to further demonstrate its feasibility. The results provided indirect evidence, such as the plausible explanations for seasonal and spatial variation, to partially support the success of the algorithm used in real apartments. Through the analysis, this study also identified several further development directions to facilitate the practical applications of the algorithm, such as robust long-term outdoor PM2.5 monitoring using low-cost light-scattering sensors. 相似文献
93.
Zhuang Tang Yuwei Huang Kangning Wu Jianying Li 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(4):1569-1575
Significantly enhanced breakdown field of 24.52 kV cm?1 as well as noteworthy nonlinear coefficient of 8.11 and low dielectric loss of 0.077 were obtained in Ca0.6Sr0.4Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic. It was proved from impedance spectra that improved breakdown field was attributed to enhanced grain boundary resistance and elevated Schottky barrier height, which was further found resulting from reduced donor densities in C-V measurements. In addition, it was found that the activation energy originated from oxygen vacancies was increased, indicating the generation of oxygen vacancies was suppressed. Since oxygen vacancies acted as donors in depletion layers, it is reasonable to deduce that the reduced donor density was mainly ascribed to the decreased oxygen vacancies. In conclusion, maximum integrated action of strong solid solution effect and weak Sr-stretching effect was achieved when Sr/Ca ratio is 40/60, leading to greatly elevated potential barrier height and enhanced breakdown field consequently. 相似文献
94.
95.
制备了Al-2Mg-0.4Sc、Al-5Mg-0.4Sc、Al-5Mg-2Zn-0.4Sc和Al-5Zn-2Mg-0.4Sc等4种合金并在350℃进行热挤压,通过光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、室温拉伸测试,研究了Zn/Mg比对于Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,Zn/Mg比的提高对于铸态晶粒具有细化作用,挤压后发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸显著减小,但挤压态晶粒尺寸并未随Zn/Mg比的提高而减小。另一方面,Zn/Mg比的提高使Mg32(Al,Zn)49第二相数量增加,且呈现更明显的网状结构。挤压态Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金屈服强度随Zn/Mg比的提高而提升,主要由于大量Al3Sc粒子与碎化的第二相呈网状分布于晶界,使第二相强化起到主导作用。 相似文献
96.
目的 以圆锥台成形件为例,基于粗糙表面的区域支承率曲线,进行了用功能参数表征表面几何形貌的研究,以全面、准确、定量地表征渐进成形件的表面质量,预测表面性能。方法 用渐进成形工艺加工成形角分别为35°、45°和55°的圆锥台件,将各圆锥台的成形面分为顶部、中部和底部三个区域,并使用三维表面轮廓仪,在上述三个区域中随机测量各4个样本。根据ISO 25178-2:2012,将各样本表面的区域支承率曲线分为峰区、核心区和谷区,选用部分功能参数——核心区高度Sk、峰区材料体积Vmp、核心区材料体积Vmc和谷区空隙体积Vvv表征表面,并与常用的高度表征参数——Sa、Sq、Ssk和Sku进行比较。结果 成形件表面的Ssk和Sku的计算值极不稳定,变异系数(标准偏差与均值之比)最高值分别可达127.67%和39.11%,Sa、Sq的最大变异系数分别为4.41%和4.26%,虽然它们的参数计算值较为稳定,但常无法体现表面形貌的实际差异。功能参数独立表征不同功能区,Sk和Vmc的最大变异系数分别为9.32%和7.73%,说明同一表面各处,在长期工作阶段具有较为一致的表面性能,Vmp和Vvv的最大变异系数分别为60.53%和31.25%,说明表面各处峰、谷区的形貌有所不同,因而在磨合时间、磨粒存储等方面会有不同的表现。结论 粗糙表面的三维本质要求用三维表征参数才能全面表征其几何形貌。高度参数虽然计算简单,但常难以解读它们的物理意义,无法定量评价表面性能;功能参数具有明确的物理意义,可为表征表面质量、预测表面性能提供定量、实用的方法。 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
利用织构增强原理,开发出了TA18(Ti-3Al-2.5V)钛合金860 MPa级高强度管材,保证了管材的工艺性能,同时又具有优异的力学服役性能。标准规定反映径向织构的管材收缩应变比(CSR)大于1.3,但对上限值未作规定。本研究设计出小管径的环向拉伸夹具,测试了不同CSR管材的环向拉伸力学性能,分析织构对环向抗拉强度的影响,发现存在一个最有利的CSR值为1.75,大于或小于该CSR值时都会导致管材环向屈服强度下降。进一步测定了对应管材的极图和ODF图,从微观结构上可以解释这一规律和本质。环向抗拉强度下降会引起液压系统工作时疲劳强度降低,CSR值的上限在工艺设计时应当加以控制。本研究对发展安全可靠的航空液压系统具有十分重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。 相似文献
100.
The porosity dependence of Poisson's ratio of materials with random microstructure is investigated via analytical and numerical modeling. It is shown that all analytical models predict porosity independence if the solid Poisson ratio is 0.2 and for low porosities a converging trend toward this value with increasing porosity. From all theory-based relations, only power-law and exponential relations allow for auxetic behavior. Numerical calculations on computer-generated digital microstructures (overlapping and isolated spherical pores, pores between overlapping spherical grains, wall-based cellular materials/closed-cell foams, and strut-based cellular materials/open-cell foams) confirm the general qualitative trends of the analytical models, although a closer look reveals significant quantitative differences. Cellular materials and foams exhibit similar features as porous materials in general, but lack their converging trend toward values around 0.2. Comparison of our results with the classical Roberts-Garboczi results shows good agreement, with subtle differences due to the different microstructures generated. 相似文献